Ten surprises at the National Gallery’s five-star Van Gogh exhibition – The Art Newspaper

The National Gallery’s exhibition Van Gogh: Poets & Lovers (14 September 2024-19 January 2025) opened to five-star reviews. The show proved a spectacular success, attracting a record 335,000 visitors. Here we discover ten surprises about individual paintings on loan to London from around the world.

A self-portrait once hung in Regent’s Park

This famed Self-portrait (September 1889) once hung in Winfield House, the official residence of the American ambassador. Built in 1936, the mansion is set in a secluded spot in Regent’s Park and boasts London’s largest private garden after that of Buckingham Palace. 

As this little-known photograph shows, the Van Gogh hung for a few years above the mantelpiece in the ante-room, which leads to the dining room. John Hay Whitney, the ambassador to the UK in 1957-61, had it in his personal collection. He died in 1982 and in 1998 his widow Betsy bequeathed the self-portrait to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, DC.

Painted on a dish towel

When Van Gogh ran out of canvas he would sometimes use a fabric known in French as torchon, which is widely employed for tea towels. It often has red lines or patterns.

On 26 November 1889 Vincent had complained to his brother Theo that he was “completely at the end of my canvas”. A few days later he made The large Plane Trees on torchon. Some areas were thinly painted and red diamond shapes can just be made out among the stones in the foreground, to the left of centre.

Casino boss Steve Wynn’s Van Gogh

Steve Wynn’s name was revealed in the London exhibition as the owner of The Trinquetaille Bridge (June 1888). He bought it at Christie’s in 2021, paying $39m, and it is owned by his Las Vegas-based company, Wynn Fine Art. The firm describes Wynn as “an American entrepreneur, philanthropist, art collector and visionary credited with transforming the Las Vegas Strip into an international destination”. He retired from the hotel business in 2018.

Why a stark white frame?

This one was a surprise, even for the exhibition’s curators. Tokyo’s National Museum of Western Art decided to reframe their Roses (April 1889), taking it out of its traditional, gilded frame. What few visitors to the London show realised is that the new white frame is a replica of one that may well have been on the painting in 1890, soon after the work had been given to Dr Paul Gachet, who cared for the artist in Auvers-sur-Oise.

Gachet owned quite number of paintings given to him by the Van Gogh brothers, for which he designed his own frames. A few years ago some empty frames were discovered, abandoned with a neighbour of the doctor’s son. Their existence was first revealed two years ago, in an exhibition at the Musée d’Orsay in Paris.

Roses had been owned by the doctor, sold off by his son in 1923, then bought by a Japanese collector, eventually ending up in the Tokyo museum. Last year curators at the National Museum of Western Art were inspired to create a replica Gachet frame. Which frame works best for Roses? The white is perhaps slightly bright, but to my mind simple is still best.

The world’s third richest person

A foundation set up by the successful businessman, philanthropist and collector Bernard Arnault owns The Public Garden, Arles (October 1888). The Fondation Louis Vuitton’s funding comes from Arnault’s Paris-based luxury goods company, Louis Vuitton. In the art world it is best known for its striking exhibition centre in a Frank Gehry-designed 2014 building in the Bois de Boulogne.

The Public Garden, Arles was lent by the foundation to Van Gogh exhibitions in Paris (2014) and New York (2023), but anonymously. Now the secret is out, with the Vuitton credit on the National Gallery’s wall.

Sunflowers reframed to recreate a dream

The National Gallery’s greatest coup was to have borrowed one of the two versions of Van Gogh’s Sunflowers on a blue background. This made it possible to recreate the artist’s idea to present a triptych, with both the yellow and blue Sunflowers on each side of La Berceuse (The Lullaby) (January 1889, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston). 

The problem for the London curators was that the Philadelphia Museum of Art’s blue Sunflowers was in an ornate gilded frame, whereas the National Gallery’s yellow one is in a simpler frame made in 17th century Italy. They would have looked awkward together.

The Philadelphia museum therefore made an unusual decision to temporarily reframe their masterpiece. They created one similar to that in the National Gallery’s collection, although deliberately not an exact copy. This creates a balanced effect for the triptych.

When the Sunflowers was returned to Philadelphia after the London exhibition, it was decided to retain the simpler frame.

A grasshopper got stuck

A recent discovery by conservators at the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Missouri confirms that its Olive Trees was painted outside, not in Van Gogh’s studio in the asylum at Saint-Rémy-de-Provence. Parts of a grasshopper were found, which must have been blown onto Van Gogh’s wet paint. There was no disturbance to the paint, which would have occurred if a live insect had got stuck, so presumably it must have been dead on arrival.

The grasshopper’s remains are not visible to the naked eye, but Olive Trees is a magnificent painting, so it was a treat to see in London.

The Lover with the wrong emblem

The Lover, one of the pair of portraits which gave the National Gallery’s exhibition its subtitle, has lieutenant Paul-Eugène Milliet’s regimental emblem the wrong way around. As the exhibition catalogue explains, the crescent moon should be pointing to the right, not the left. Vincent drew it correctly in a letter to his bother Theo.

Why paint it wrongly? It could have been a mistake, although that could hardly have happened if Milliet had been present when it was done. More likely, it was artistic licence, to create a more balanced composition. But the mistake does suggest that the emblem was added shortly after the sitting with Milliet. Had he known, the lieutenant would surely have regarded the distortion of his regimental symbol as an insult.

Let’s do a swap (for a few months)

Most exhibition visitors have little idea how loans of important paintings are negotiated. Sometimes the borrowing gallery for an exhibition offers to lend an important painting to the lending gallery in what is effectively an exchange, but normally this is done discreetly and sometimes informally.

Unusually, the Norton Simon Museum in California requested that their arrangement should be out in the open. In the only prominent wall caption in the London exhibition, the deal is spelt out: the “extraordinary loan” of Portrait of a Peasant is in “exchange” for the National Gallery’s loan of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres’ Madame Moitessier (1856) to a Norton Simon exhibition two years ago.

A Norton Simon spokesperson told The Art Newspaper that when it comes to masterpieces, the museum will “lend only in the context of these partnerships”.

Seeing the images of the Ingres and the Van Gogh together here emphasises how portraiture developed in just over 30 years—and how revolutionary was the Dutchman’s art. Portrait of a Peasant is one of the finest works in the London exhibition and has only been shown once in Europe since the 1930s.

A revolutionary white border for a white wall

Still life with Coffee Pot (May 1888) is most unusual, in that Van Gogh painted a thin red border onto his canvas and then added a wider white border on the canvas—essentially “framing” the picture. Owned by the Goulandris foundation in Athens, it is now conventionally shown in an ornate gilded frame. In the London exhibition it was displayed on an ochre wall.

The effect of the painting in Van Gogh’s time would have been quite different. He would have presumably hung it in Arles, unframed, as he did most of his pictures. It would have been on a white wall (although known as the Yellow House, this colour referred to the exterior, and its interior was whitewashed). The red border in Still life with Coffee Pot would have appeared as a visual frame, while the white surround of the canvas hanging on the whitewash would have made the picture almost appear to float on the wall.

I have always imagined that Still life with Coffee Pot hung in the kitchen of the Yellow House. The objects in the still life would have been close at hand: his newly acquired enamel coffee pot, a distinctive milk jug with a chequerboard pattern, a large majolica jug, cups and saucers, two oranges and three lemons.

Seeing the picture in the National Gallery’s show gave us a delightful insight into domestic life in the Yellow House, where he painted his greatest works.

REVISED: Originally published on 20 September 2024, this blog post was updated with new information on 4 September 2025.